The Jungle Essays - Economic Ideologies, Production Economics

The Jungle A French philosopher once said that the greatest tyranny of democracy was when the minority ruled the majority. Upton Sinclairs The Jungle gives the reader a great example of exactly this. A man who earns his living honestly and through hard work will always be trapped in poverty, but a man who earns his living through lies and cheating will be wealthy. The Jungle portrays a Lithuanian family stuck in a Capitalistic country. It shows the ongoing struggle of a lower class that will never get farther in life as long as the minority of rich people rule over them. The Jungle conveys a struggle between Capitalism and Socialism. Socialism is the best way out for the peasants, but a Capitalistic America has already trapped them. When Jurgis Rudkus and his family first come to America, they do not know how it was run. Once Jurgis begins working in the stockyards, he finds out that the upper class dominates over the lower class. Supposedly America is a democratic nation, but this is not true. Capitalism rules the nation. The upper class bosses rule what goes on in the peasants lives. It is a form of slavery. Sinclair writes: Things that were quite unspeakable went on there in the packing houses all the time, and were taken for granted by everybody; only they did not show, as in old slavery times, because there was no difference in color between master and slave. (106) Sinclair compares the conditions of the factories to that of slavery. The rich boss is the master and the peasant is the lowly slave. Capitalism rules in the stockyards of Chicago. The higher class people can get ahead in life because they have an in with the system, but the peasants will forever be stuck at their work on the machines in a packing plant. Jurgis Rudkus endures the work in the factory system. He comes across Capitalism first hand here. Through his work in the meat packing plant, he sees how they are able to work around government regulation through bribes and deceit. He also soon learns that everyone steals from the people below them in the system. Sinclair writes, ...the bosses grafted off the men, and they grafted off each other; and someday the superintendent would find out about the boss, and then he would graft off the boss (59). Sinclair reveals that men of a higher status were able to steal freely from others and get away with it. If one found out, he just stole right back from another. This was Capitalism in and of itself. Here, in the stockyards of Chicago, the upper class rules over the lower class. In Packingtown, Jurgis Rudkus and his family face many difficulties with the Capitalistic rule. The people take advantage of them and steal their money. When they first came to America, they had to pay many fees because they were foreigners and did not know better. Eventually, Jurgis decides to buy a house. He thinks he is getting a good deal, but in reality is not. The real estate agent tells him that it is a brand new house, but this is a lie. Sinclair writes, ...it was not new at all, as they had supposed; it was about fifteen years old, and there was nothing new upon it but the paint (65). The real estate agent took advantage of them because they were lower class. He was able to do so because they did not know any better. The upper class ruled over them. They lived in a Capitalistic nation that trapped them as lower class citizens. The Capitalistic way of life allows for a lot of corruption in the government and police department. Many people pay off high officials in order to get lead way in court and other places. Men who own saloons pay the police so they can sell liquor on Sundays. At one point in the book Jurgis beats up a bartender because he will not give him his change for a hundred dollar bill. The bartender does not get in trouble for this because he has paid people off. Sinclair writes, ...the owner of the saloon had paid five dollars each to the policemen alone

Financial Meltdown of 2008

Financial Meltdown of 2008 Introduction The 2007-2008 financial crisis has considered to be the most threatening and largest economic recession since the times of the Great Depression.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Financial Meltdown of 2008 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It caused destruction of international monetary system and became the precursor of European debt crisis. The total failure of financial institution was also another serious risk that the financial crisis created. Stock markets and housing marketing also experienced hardships, leading to foreclosures and evictions. One of the major reasons for the collapses includes the crash of the housing bubble in the United States, the phenomenon that undermined sub-prime mortgages. The financial crisis was also determined by a sophisticated interaction of reforms encouraging home ownership and over-evaluation of the credit market. In the documentaries Inside the Meltdown an d Breaking the Bank, the attention is given to the role of the housing bubble in creating the financial recession and breakdown of the leading financial institutions. Specifically, Inside the Meltdown focuses on the previous cases of credit market pitfalls that were not considered properly (Frontline 2013a). What is more threatening is that most of the financial experts did not attain much importance to the dramatically declined figures. As a result, the crisis has changed entirely the financial system, but the news has spread immediately about the impossibility of the business companies and financial institutions to estimate the actual damages that the consequences of house bubbling caused to the economic system. In Breaking the Bank, the focus is made on participants and victims of the crash of the financial system and credit market (Frontline 2013b). While discussing personalities, such as Merrill Lynch who was in charge of a privilege position, the documentary pays attention to his high competence and professionalism that, however, did not help him avert the crisis. The financial meltdown of 2008 could be a great lesson for the leading financial institutions, as well as for those who are interested in sub-prime mortgages. Consumers, therefore, should examine carefully opportunities and threats that this venture could provide to them.Advertising Looking for critical writing on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These documentaries are beneficial for financial experts who should reconsider their credit policy and develop powerful structures and coping mechanisms to deal with economic recessions effectively. In the pursuit of money, simple decisions and fast methods for gaining profit are not always the solutions. Analysis of political and economic backgrounds is also necessary for the financial institutions to evaluate the capacity of the world economy, as well as restructure the crediting system. The documentaries succinctly represent a one-dimensional outlook on the predetermined conditions of the financial crisis. Interviews with the people from Wall Street, business managers, and chief executive officers have provided a broader insight into the case. At this point, it is necessary to search for additional statistics about the crisis to justify the events described in the documentary. Additionally, analysis of personal attitudes and perceptions is another important stance that could be considered while watching the films. In conclusion, it should be stressed that the burst out of the house bubbling has become the precursor of financial crisis, leading to the breakdown of the world’s leading financial institutions and banks. In the documentaries under analysis, emphasis is placed on the political, economic, and psychological aspects of the crisis of the credit market, as well as attitudes and perceptions on the part of specialists and victims o f the economic recession. References Frontline. (2013a). Breaking the Bank. PBS Video. Retrieved from https://www.pbs.org/video/frontline-breaking-the-bank/ Frontline. (2013b) Inside the Meltdown. PBS Video. Retrieved from https://www.pbs.org/video/frontline-inside-the-meltdown/Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Financial Meltdown of 2008 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

Where Should I Take the SAT

Where Should I Take the SAT SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips While you're doing a lot to prepare for the SAT, you probably haven't given that much thought to the physical location of your test. However, that location could definitely affect your performance. Think about it – have you ever had to take a test in a cramped classroom or in room without air conditioning? It probably didn’t exactly help your performance. So why would you take the SAT in sub-optimal conditions? Read our guide to choosing the best possible test location so you can do as well as possible. Two Search Methods Before we worry about choosing locations, you have to find out what those locations are. We will go over two methods to finding SAT locations – one that’s easy to use but less informative, and one that’s harder to use but contains more info. Method One: College Board’s Test Center Search College Board’s Test Center Search lets you look up test centers by state or by city. Depending on where you live, this may give you all you need to know. The Test Center Search page allows you to search for SAT locations by state and city. Image via College Board. For example, I’m from Utah. In the entire state, there are just nine testing locations for the next SAT, mostly at area colleges. So just seeing these nine locations will give me all I need to know. Likely any student in Utah will have just one or possibly two options based on location. Some of Utah's nine SAT locations. Image via College Board. However, if you live in a state like Massachusetts with dozens of potential test sites, you may want to do a more fine-grained search. You can search by city, but remember to look up towns and suburbs near to you to see the most options. If you’re in a state with tons of choices, the second search method, which allows you to look by zip code, will likely be easiest†¦ Method Two: Begin to Register for the SAT For whatever reason, College Board’s test location search within its registration process is more informative than its basic test search option. So to get access to the most efficient SAT location search, you have to go through the SAT registration system. Move through College Board's SAT registration process until you get to step 3, "Select Test Center." Image via College Board. You can enter your zip code (rather than search by only city or state) and see the options closest to you, including neighboring cities. This is much more efficient if you there are a lot of potential test sites near you. Image via College Board. You can also see who still has seats available for the test, which is important info if you know you need to register soon. You don't have to complete the registration to use the search tool. Also, live close to a state line? Consider options over the border, especially if rules/laws are different (some states require scores be reported to talent searches). Choosing a Test Site Now that you know how to search for a test center, you probably fall into one of two camps. In the first camp, let’s call it the Utah camp, your test location is entirely determined by proximity. This means that you have only one or two options based on where you live, so unfortunately you can’t optimize your test center beyond location. But if you’re in the second camp, let's call it the Massachusetts camp, you have many choices. So how do you make sure you pick the best possible test center? Your choice of test location depends on a few important factors, which we will cover in order of importance. How Far Do You Have to Travel? Basically, the closer you live to a test center, the better. You don’t want to risk having a morning-of traffic or weather crisis. Many students test at their high school if they can, but if you live far away from your high school, it might actually be better to see if there is a location closer to your home. Also consider that parking and drop-off around the center is likely going to be congested on the morning of the test, and plan accordingly. Add at least 10 minutes onto predicted travel time to account for this. Are You Familiar With the Test Site? Once you’re inside the center, you’ll be less stressed if you know how to get around. For example, if you’re testing in your own high school, even if you’re headed to a room you’ve never had a class in, you’ll likely be able to find it easily. However, if you’re in a university building and have to go looking for the room, or take a wrong turn, that could add unnecessary stress the morning of the SAT. If you’re heading to a new building on test day, either scope it out before test day or arrive early to give you ample time to get to your test room. Getting lost and ending up in a lonely hallway that looks like something out of The Shining probably won't help your test day jitters. Who's Going to Be There? Don't just think about where you're taking the SAT. Think about who is going to be there, too. If you’re taking the SAT at your high school or at a location with students from your high school, that could be good or bad, depending on your personality. Will seeing friends or classmates relax you, or stress you out? For some students, seeing their friends could help calm them down. Seeing familiar faces and having a moment to joke around before the test could alleviate stress. But for others, seeing their classmates could remind them of their competition for college and make them more stressed. Or seeing friends could be more distracting than helpful. There’s no right answer here. Just take your personal preferences into account. If you know that having your friends around will help, don’t worry about heading to your local high school. If you think it will be stressful for you, consider going to a test center more out of the way so you can focus better on the test. Any Test Center Problems? You should also consider some of the more nitty-gritty details of the testing center before making your choice. There are many factors that could make the test center itself good or bad. Are there windows in the test rooms? For some students, sitting by a window is distracting. For others, being in a windowless room feels suffocating. Are there heating/cooling issues? Taking a test in the sweltering June heat without A.C. would be miserable, but so would taking it in a freezing room in November. If you’re signed up for a winter or summer test date, in particular, make sure you’re in a room with decent temperature control. Any there issues like nearby construction? For example, if there is a noisy construction project going on by your high school, you might elect to go to farther location to make sure your test center will be quiet. Finally, think about desk size. Generally, the more space, the better, because you’ll be balancing the test book and the answer sheet. This can be tricky on those tiny desks some college rooms have. If you’re sensitive about your work space, try and sneak a peak at the test room before you sign up. Should I Just Test at My High School? After reading through all these possible factors, you might be thinking you should just test at your high school, since you know the most about it. For many students, this is a great option. Make sure to consider the following factors, though. Will familiar faces distract you? Like we discussed above, for some students, seeing friends and classmates on test day can be stressful. If you would prefer to be with a crowd of strangers, look into different locations. Is there a closer location you could go? Keep in mind the Saturday morning SAT commute is typically earlier than your high school commute. There might be unexpected traffic and parking issues at the school. If your high school is a ways away, see if there are closer testing locations. Are there known issues with your high school, like small desks or a nearby construction project? If anything about your high school is distracting for you, think about other locations. Finally, do you tend to lose focus in environments you’re used to? Some people prefer the â€Å"blank slate† environment of a new testing center. Others like being in familiar environments for stressful, high-stakes testing. If none of the above are true, your high school could be the best option since you’re familiar with the location. You’ll be less likely to run into morning-of problems simply because you know the building well. Other Tips Be aware of test center closings. Sometimes College Board has to close test centers due to weather or other reasons. Check your email carefully in the weeks and days leading up to the test in case something happens to your location. Drive to the testing location before the morning of the test if you’ve never been there. Make sure the route you’re using (or the route Google Maps is telling you to use) is accurate and gets you there. You don’t want to risk getting lost the morning before the test. If you have a long drive the morning of, pack breakfast with you to save time. You can also listen to music in the car (relaxing music if you need to calm down, pump-up music if you want to get amped) or review some notes to get your brain in gear. (But don't review notes if you're the one driving!) Finally, recognize you can change your location after registering, but there’s a $28 fee and locations fill up the closer you get to the test. What’s Next? Not feeling 100% ready for the SAT yet? Consider reading our guide to a 1600 by our full scorer. Even if you’re not going for a perfect score, the skills described in this post will help you in your last studying push. We also recommend doing full SAT practice tests, with strict timing, to get used to SAT pacing and help build your stamina. Get access to free, official online practice tests here. Curious about what else you should do the morning of the test? Get our advice on the best routine. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

The development of education in Qatar throughout the last 10 years Term Paper

The development of education in Qatar throughout the last 10 years - Term Paper Example It must be realized that for the economy to flourish, these private sector companies must also be majorly occupied by the national residents of Qatar. It is argued that the previous educational system of Qatar, although well-structured and developed, did not produce competent enough individuals that can rise to the challenge and be the driving force for such private industries. With so much conflict in the Middle East, it is educational to see how countries like Qatar have managed to cope with the challenge of development amidst these adversities. The leadership in the Arabian Gulf nation of Qatar played a big contribution in giving focus to the educational department believing that it is the key to their economic and social progress (Brewer et al., 2007). It has been observed that in the past their educational system has not produced very good outcomes and their approach was very rigid, outdated and even obsolete to try and compete for world-class quality of education. It was believed that their education must also be on a par with their initiatives for social and economic changes that will catapult them into global competency. During the past years, the Qatar education has taken major reforms in order to augment their outdated system. With the modernization of society and the emergence of the expanding role of women, they have focused on giving larger roles and involvement to them, which was traditionally and historically avoided. They have also opened and developed satellite universities involving top educational institutions with high repute in the world-class quality of education. But a country like Qatar is very traditionalist and it is important to observe how they managed to implement drastic and decisive changes to their traditionally rigid form of doing things. Qatar has a unique status in the world’s economy because of its vast energy resources and

Critical thinking paper Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critical thinking paper - Case Study Example This is also aggravated by some situations in which consumers and managed care organizations have less understanding on the role played by APNs. This only implies that aside from its full obligation to patients for remarkable health care, there is also a need for APNs to understand prevailing policies coming from the government and other health care providers such as insurance company. This is to ensure that everything will be properly understood by APNs so as they can explain and elaborate well everything to their patients regarding financial considerations. At the bottom line, this would ensure continuation of a good relationship with the patients. This only implies that APNs must not only focus on providing actual and quality health care, but other substantial information that will substantially influence the standard of their service. Ethical issues are those that conform to standards which are accepted and thus it is consistent with agreed principles of correct moral conduct. Part of the moral considerations among advanced practice nurses (APNs) is to consider care as central to maintaining nurse-patient relationship (Cox and Hill, 119). The established relation between the nurse and patients is a primary way in which the later can participate fully in the care program. APNs are always facing dilemmas when it comes to issues concerning about health care financing. At some point, this has affected the nurse-patient relationship. Considering that APNs have moral obligation and that is to provide quality care, it is undeniably true that they faced ethical dilemmas. However, this can only be understood by giving proper information to patient and his family. Patients and family deserve significant information other than the actual health care service itself. This can be successfully implemented if APNs must also focus on other social concerns especially when it comes to financial considerations. The whole thing must be essentially

Jonathan Swifts Gullivers Travels Essay -- Jonathan Swift Gullivers

Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels In Gulliver’s travels I think that Jonathan Swift is trying to show people what human society is really like. He does this through 4 voyages each to a different imaginary place, where the people are a satire of a different aspect of human society, and in each voyage Swift is telling us what he thinks of human society through what Gulliver says, and what he sees. Many people have described the book negatively for example William Thackeray, an 1850’s novelist described it as, â€Å"Filthy in word, filthy in thought, furious, raging, obscene,† and indeed over the two and a half centuries since it was first published it has caused a lot of controversy and has divided opinions. Gulliver’s first voyage is to a place called Lilliput. The Lilliputians are small people, about 6 inches high, and this is a metaphor for their small-mindedness. Gulliver criticises the way the Lilliputians elect their ministers- by doing circus tricks, â€Å"†¦with a dance on the rope and whoever jumps the highest succeeds in office.† This quote is showing that Swift is annoyed that people have to ‘jump through hoops’ to get into office. This is one of the stupid laws in Lilliput. This is like politics in the 18th century and even now, in that the rich were the only ones in parliament in the 18th century, and now it is mostly the rich in parliament because they are the only ones who can finance a campaign. Another law is no urinating in the palace. When a fire breaks out in the palace Gulliver does not want it to burn down, â€Å"This magnificent palace would have infallibly been burned to the ground,† so he urinates on it to put it out. Then the king of lilliput makes several articles against Gulliver. This... ...like the ‘quack’ doctors, and the drunks who use all their family’s money on alcohol. Also, swift shows the flaws of mankind and wants to improve it. I know this because he wrote about good people like the Brobdignagians and the Houyhnhnms, as I said before. Swift also only tells us about what has happened to him, so if he has only had bad experiences with, for example politicians, then he can only make bad comments about them. However, Gulliver doesn’t tell us about any good people in England at the time, or any good experiences he had had with people, he focuses on the bad. In conclusion, I think that Jonathan Swift is not misanthropic in his presentation of human society because he only comments on what he knows, and his main aim is to make the world better, and the best way to do this it to tell people in simple terms, in a story of a popular genre.

Man Vs Nature Conflicts

Humanity's progress, particularly since the mid-19th century, has been largely the result of our ability to get and use what planet Earth has to offer. All told, the food we eat, the timber we cut, and the water we draw amounts to an astounding one-third to one-half of global ecosystem production. But humans are part of nature, and like every other species on the planet, we depend upon healthy ecosystems for our survival. Nature provides us essentials like clean water, food, medicines, even recreational retreats.Intact ecosystems also help regulate our weather and climate. But these systems are extremely fragile, and we're only now beginning to understand the myriad interactions and interdependencies that sustain them. And we know that once they are gone, there are no replacements. Changing our behavior and needs to preserve these Earth's ecosystems will be neither easy nor inexpensive. But if we are to feed, clothe, and care for ourselves into the future, taking drastic steps will b e essential. . Man- Nature interactionMan and nature interact dialectically in such a way that, as society develops, man tends to become less dependent on nature directly, while indirectly his dependence grows. This is understandable. While he is getting to know more and more about nature, and on this basis transforming it, man's power over nature progressively increases, but in the same process, man comes into more and more extensive and profound contact with nature, bringing into the sphere of his activity growing quantities of matter, energy and information.Why exactly do we humans have such an incredibly large influence on other species and the natural world? We are unique among animal species in that we survive and reproduce in a wide variety of environments through cultural adaptations. In contrast, other species are primarily able to survive and reproduce due to biological adaptations that result from eons of natural selection and biological evolution. The cultural adaptation s of humans have allowed them to colonize nearly every ecosystem type on Earth. In addition, cultural innovations have allowed the human population to grow exponentially for millennia.Such sustained population growth is unparalleled by any other species on the planet. The population of a typical species grows until it reaches the carrying capacity of its environment, then levels off or declines. In other words, it grows until it is fully utilizing the available resources, such as food and space. At this point mechanisms such as disease and starvation keep the population from continuing to grow. However, we humans have responded to resource scarcity with cultural practices and technologies that increase the availability of resources.We raise our food on farms and live in multi-story apartment buildings, increasing the carrying capacity of the environment for humans. This growth eventually requires yet more cultural adaptations to increase resources, and the alteration of the natural environment and the rate of cultural evolution is accelerated. Currently the global human population is large enough and the technologies that allow humans to manipulate the environment are potent enough that human-caused alterations to the biosphere are causing the extinction of innumerable wildlife species.If present trends continue, there will be an eventual crash in the human population that will bring great suffering and cause widespread environmental damage. This is the root cause of the modern environmental crisis. This deals with how we got into the present situation from the perspective of cultural interactions with wildlife and wild lands – coflicts conflict can be explained as the struggle between two class or group. In this essay we can see the differences that are a raised between man and nature.Since nature from the birth of earth the nature had a major role playing in every single aspect of living life on earth. as man develops slowly by improving day by day th e destruction of nature started. Man learned to develop the seed which helped both the environment by improving it's greenery and man by his efforts. Man vs nature conflict occurs when a particular character is opposed to natures forces. It is the conflict between nature itself, and mankind as we continue our relentless expansion, coupled with our overwhelming lack of compassion for any other form of life.A prime example of one such battle is that which currently rages in The Serengeti National Park. Currently, the Tanzanian government, despite earlier reports to the contrary, intends to pave the road which runs across 50 km of the park. The annual migrations in this region involve more than 1. 5 million animals, primarily wildebeests and zebras. These annual migrations are considered one of the great natural wonders of the world. The paving of this road would have dire consequences, both to the migrating herds and the local environment itself.The effects could be devastating to the natural balance throughout the area. The road would bring increased traffic, almost certainly resulting in massive loss of life to the herds. But as tragic as this would be, it is not the sole repercussion that would ensue A. overexploitation The exploitation of natural resources started to emerge in the 19th century as natural resource extraction developed. During the 20th century, energy consumption rapidly increased. Today, about 80% of the world’s energy consumption is sustained by the extraction of fossil fuels, which consists of oil, coal and gas.Another non-renewable resource that is exploited by humans are Subsoil minerals such as precious metals that are mainly used in the production of industrial commodities. Intensive agriculture is an example of a mode of production that hinders many aspects of the natural environment, for example the degradation of forests in a terrestrial ecosystem and water pollution in an aquatic ecosystem. As the world population rises and e conomic growth occurs, the depletion of natural resources influenced by the unsustainable extraction of raw materials becomes an increasing concern deforestation.Deforestation, clearance or clearing is the removal of a forest or stand of trees where the land is thereafter converted to a non-forest use. [1] Examples of deforestation include conversion of forestland to farms, ranches, or urban use. Urbanization (or urbanisation) refers to the increasing number of people that live in urban areas. It predominantly results in the physical growth of urban areas, be it horizontal or vertical. The United Nations projected that half of the world's population would live in urban areas at the end of 2008. [1] By 2050 it is predicted that 64.1% and 85. 9% of the developing and developed world respectively will be urbanized.Urbanization is closely linked to modernization, industrialization, and the sociological process of rationalization. Urbanization can describe a specific condition at a set t ime, i. e. the proportion of total population or area in cities or towns, or the term can describe the increase of this proportion over time. So the term urbanization can represent the level of urban development relative to overall population, or it can represent the rate at which the urban proportion is increasing.MARKET PRESSURES increase in commercialization, intensification and privatization of local economies, growing integration of national and global economies, economic reforms refer to market pressure. The list of such conflicts is extensive. One needs only turn on the news or read a local paper to find stories of such conflicts between man and nature. It is impossible to affect one link in the chain which comprises a given environment without incurring disastrous ramifications. Human beings are the ultimate embodiment of this destructive potential on the planet.Our encroachment upon†¦and in far too many instances outright destruction of†¦ various delicate habitats is well documented and comes in a variety of forms. These include: population growth impinging upon an animals natural habitat, destruction of the environment itself through pollution of the air, soil and water, disruption of migratory patterns, over fishing and hunting, deforestation and poaching. Mankind as a whole is the single greatest contributor to ecological imbalance on the planet. Why resources are under pressure?  · Increase in the sophistication of technology enabling natural resources to be extracted quickly and efficiently.E. g. , in the past, it could take long hours just to cut down one tree only using saws. Due to increased technology, rates of deforestation have greatly increased  · A rapid increase in population that is now decreasing. The current number of 7. 132 billion humans consume many natural resources.  · Cultures of consumerism. Materialistic views lead to the mining of gold and diamonds to produce jewelry, unnecessary commodities for human life or advancement.  · Excessive demand often leads to conflicts due to intense competition. Organizations such as Global Witness and the United Nations have documented the connection.Non-equitable distribution of resources.CONSEQUENCESThe Holocene extinction, sometimes called the Sixth Extinction, is a name proposed to describe the extinction event of species that has occurred during the present Holocene epoch (since around 10,000 BC). The Holocene extinction includes the disappearance of large mammals known as megafauna, starting between 9,000 and 13,000 years ago, the end of the last Ice Age. This may have been due to the extinction of the mammoth that had maintained grasslands that became birch forests without the mammoths.The new forest and the resulting forest fires may have induced climate change. [3] Such disappearances might be the result of the proliferation of modern humans which led to climate change. These extinctions, occurring near the Pleistocene–Holocene boundary, are sometimes referred to as the Quaternary extinction event. The Holocene extinction continues into the 21st century  · Erosion is the process by which soil and rock are removed from the Earth's surface by exogenetic processes such as wind or water flow, and then transported and deposited in other locations.Industrial agriculture, deforestation, roads, anthropogenic climate change and urban sprawl are amongst the most significant human activities in regard to their effect on stimulating erosion.CONCLUSIONConversely, to be honest, we are the species that holds the ability to have the greatest positive effect upon this worlds ecosystems. We have it within us to either save or destroy. The ability and the choice is ours. We as a species need to acquire an environmental conscience an awareness before our own shortsightedness and apathy doom us and our fellow denizens of this world to extinction.